Influence of organic chromium supplementation on the performance of beef calves undergoing weaning-related stress / Influência da suplementação com cromo orgânico no desempenho de bezerros de corte submetidos ao estresse da desmama

Dietary chromium supplementation before, during, and after weaning was conducted to evaluate the hypothesis that chromium supplementation could reduce weaning-induced cortisol release in beef calves. We examined the effects of chromium supplementation in 150 crossbred calves (male and female) between five and six months of age. The calves were randomly divided by sex and breed into two equal homogeneous groups (n=75). One group was used as the control, and the other experimental group received supplementation with 0.9mg of chromium carbon-amino-phospho-chelate per 100kg BW. The chromium supplement was mixed with mineral salt for the consumption of 0.1% of BW, and the supplement was administered via creep feeding 60 days before and 60 days after forced weaning. Calves were weighed, and their blood and urine samples were obtained at four time-points: T0 (60 days before weaning), T1 (at weaning), T2 (48 hours after weaning), and T3 (60 days after weaning). Blood samples were used to determine chromium, cortisol, total protein, and albumin concentrations, and urine samples were used to determine urinary creatinine and chromium levels. Cumulative weight gain was higher in calves supplemented with chromium before weaning and during the experiment (P<0.05). In addition, weaning-related stress caused an increase in chromium excretion in the urine, and chromium supplementation reduced stress, which resulted in lower cortisol and total protein levels during weaning.(AU)

O estudo foi realizado para avaliar a hipótese de que a suplementação dietética com cromo antes, durante e após a desmama possa diminuir a concentração de cortisol causado por este processo em bezerros de corte. Para tal, foram utilizados 150 bezerros mestiços, machos e fêmeas, entre cinco e seis meses de idade. Os animais foram divididos randomicamente por sexo e grupo genético em dois grupos homogêneos (n=75), um mantido como controle e outro suplementado com 0,9mg de carboaminofosfoquelato de cromo/100 kg PV misturado a um sal proteinado para ser consumido na base de 0,1% do PV via creep feeding, no decorrer de 60 dias antes e 60 dias após à desmama forçada. Os animais foram pesados e foram coletadas amostras sanguíneas e urinárias no M0 (60 dias antes da desmama), M1 (desmama), M2 (48 horas após a desmama) e M3 (60 dias após à desmama) para determinação de cromo, cortisol, proteína total e albumina no sangue e da concentração urinária de creatinina e cromo. O ganho acumulado de peso foi superior nos bezerros suplementados com cromo antes da desmama e no decorrer de todo o experimento (P<0,05). A suplementação com cromo reduziu os teores de cortisol e de proteína total durante a desmama. O estresse da desmama provocou aumento da excreção de cromo pela urina.(AU)

Variáveis hematológicas e bioquímicas de peixe-boi da Amazônia (Trichechus inungui) jovens / Hematological and biochemical variables of young Amazonian manatee (Trichechus inungui)

Peixes-boi da Amazônia (Trichechus inungui) jovens são frequentemente encontrados e resgatados de rios, no entanto para avaliar e monitorar o estado de saúde desses animais é necessário conhecer os valores de referência das variáveis hematológicas e bioquímicas nessa faixa etária. O trabalho objetivou determinar os valores hematológicos e bioquímicos de peixes-boi da amazônia jovens e saudáveis, mantidos em cativeiros. Foram coletadas 20 amostras sanguíneas de peixes-boi para a realização do hemograma e bioquímica. Os valores médios e desvio padrão das variáveis hematológicas foram: volume globular, 37±4%; eritrócitos, 4,4±0,35x106/µL; hemoglobina, 12,5±1,6g/dL; volume corpuscular médio (VCM), 85,33±4,28fL; hemoglobina corpuscular media (HCM), 28,29±1,39pg; e concentração de hemoglobina corpuscular media (CHCM), 33,13±0,20%, leucócitos totais, 9.080±1.868x103/µL; segmentados, 5.078±1.044,24x103/µL; linfócitos 3.556±1,063x103/µL; eosinófilos, 288± 215,51x103/µL; e monócitos, 165± 114,11x103/µL. A média e o intervalo (mínimo e máximo) das variáveis bioquímicas foram: creatinina quinase (CK), 112,53 (50,10-295,80) U/L; aspartato aminotransferase (AST), 6,02 (2,80-10,20) U/L; gama glutamiltransferase (GGT), 25,24 (10,80-45,30) U/L; fosfatase alcalina (FA), 98,73 (14,66-198,30) U/L; proteína total, 6,12 (5,38-7,10) g/dL; albumina, 4,23 (3,50-5,00) g/dL; colesterol, 310,13 (144-518) mg/dL; triglicerídeos, 127,98 (57,50-213,50) mg/dL; glicose, 43,63 (24,50-73,80) mg/dL; ureia, 30,21 (14,30-54,25); creatinina, 1,34 (0,93-1,76) mg/dL; cálcio, 10,08 (9,25-11,10) mg/dL; e fósforo inorgânico; 6,50 (4,10-8,80) mg/dL. No presente trabalho foi possível determinar valores hematológicos e bioquímicos de peixes-boi da Amazônia (Trichechus inungui) jovens, mantidos em cativeiro, os quais podem ser utilizados como referência para animais em cativeiro e de vida livre, mantidos em condições ambientais, e de manejo, semelhantes.(AU)

Amazonian manatee (Trichechus inunguis) young are often found and rescued from rivers, however to assess and monitor the health status of the animals is necessary to know the reference values of hematological and biochemical variables in this age group. The study aimed to determine hematological and biochemical values of healthy young manatee amazonian, kept in captivity. Were collected 20 blood samples of manatees in captivity for the hematological and biochemical evaluation. Means and standard deviations of hematological variables were: pack cell volume, 37±4%; red blood cell, 4.4±0.35x106/µL; hemoglobin, 12.5±1.6g/dL; mean corpuscular volume (VCM), 85.33±4.28fL; mean corpuscular hemoglobin (HCM), 28.29±1.39pg; and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (CHCM), 33.13±0.20%. White blood cell, 9,080±1,868x103/µL; neutrofil, 5,078±1,044.24x103/µL; lymphocytes 3,556±1,063x103/µL; eosinophil, 288±215.51x103/µL; and monocyte, 1.65±114.11x103/µL. Means and ranges (minimum and maximum) of values for the analytes were: creatine kinase (CK), 112.53 (50.10-295.80) U/L; aspartate aminotransferase (AST), 6.02 (2.80-10.20) U/L; γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), 25.24 (10.80-45.30) U/L; alkaline phosphatase (FA), 98.73 (14.66-198.30) U/L; total protein, 6.12 (5.38-7.10) g/dL; albumin, 4.23 (3.50-5.00) g/dL; cholesterol, 310.13 (144-518) mg/dL; triglycerides, 127.98 (57.50-213.50) mg/dL; glucose, 43.63 (24.50-73.80) mg/dL; urea, 30.21 (14.30-54.25); creatinine, 1.34 (0.93-1,76) mg/dL; calcium, 10.08 (9.25-11.10) mg/dL; and inorganic phosphorum, 6.50 (4.10-8.80) mg/dL. In the present study we determined hematological and biochemical values of manatees Amazonian (Trichechus inunguis) young held in captivity, which can be used as a reference for animals in bondage and free life, kept under similar ambient conditions, and management similar.(AU)

Evaluation of hematologic, blood gas, and select biochemical variables in ovine whole blood stored in CPDA-1 bags.

BACKGROUND: The economic consequences from mortality of sheep after blood loss can be considerable. To date there are no reports addressing hematologic, blood gas, and biochemical changes in ovine blood stored in CPDA-1 bags. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate hematologic, blood gas, and biochemical alterations resulting from storage of ovine blood in CPDA-1 bags to establish transfusion protocols in sheep. METHODS: From each of 7 healthy 8-month-old sheep 450 mL of blood were collected into CPDA-1 bags and stored for 35 days in at 3-6°C. Samples were taken from the bags at days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 35. Whole blood was used to assess PCV, MCV, RBC count, pH, pO2 , pCO2 , and concentrations of bicarbonate, sodium, and lactate. Plasma was used to measure potassium, hemoglobin, and glucose concentrations. RESULTS: The PCV remained stable throughout the storage period, while plasma hemoglobin and MCV began to increase on days 7 and 21, respectively. The RBC count began to decrease on day 21. Blood pH decreased and pCO2 increased steadily throughout the storage period. Potassium concentration increased from 3.8 to 18.3 mmol/L on day 7 and remained high thereafter. In contrast, sodium concentration began to decrease on day 7. CONCLUSIONS: The results show that ovine blood undergoes hematologic, blood gas, and biochemical changes during storage. Further studies are required to establish RBC viability in CPDA-1 bags after a storage period of 35 days.

Molecular confirmation of ovine herpesvirus 2-induced malignant catarrhal fever lesions in cattle from Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil / Diagnóstico molecular de herpesvírus ovino tipo 2 em surto de febre catarral malígna em bovinos do Rio Grande do Norte

Molecular findings that confirmed the participation of ovine herpesvirus 2 (OVH-2) in the lesions that were consistent with those observed in malignant catarrhal fever of cattle are described. Three mixed-breed cattle from Rio Grande do Norte state demonstrated clinical manifestations that included mucopurulent nasal discharge, corneal opacity and motor incoordination. Routine necropsy examination demonstrated ulcerations and hemorrhage of the oral cavity, corneal opacity, and lymph node enlargement. Significant histopathological findings included widespread necrotizing vasculitis, non-suppurative meningoencephalitis, lymphocytic interstitial nephritis and hepatitis, and thrombosis. PCR assay performed on DNA extracted from kidney and mesenteric lymph node of one animal amplified a product of 423 base pairs corresponding to a target sequence within the ovine herpesvirus 2 (OVH-2) tegument protein gene. Direct sequencing of the PCR products, from extracted DNA of the kidney and mesenteric lymph node of one cow, amplified the partial nucleotide sequences (423 base pairs) of OVH-2 tegument protein gene. Blast analysis confirmed that these sequences have 98-100% identity with similar OVH-2 sequences deposited in GenBank. Phylogenetic analyses, based on the deduced amino acid sequences, demonstrated that the strain of OVH-2 circulating in ruminants from the Brazilian states of Rio Grande do Norte and Minas Gerais are similar to that identified in other geographical locations. These findings confirmed the active participation of OVH-2 in the classical manifestations of sheep associated malignant catarrhal fever.

Os achados moleculares confirmaram a participação do herpesvírus ovino tipo 2 (OVH-2) nas lesões observadas em um surto de febre catarral malígna em bovinos. Três bovinos oriundos de propriedade rural de Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte apresentaram manifestações clínicas, que incluíram secreção nasal mucopurulenta, opacidade da córnea e incoordenação motora. A necropsia revelou ulcerações e hemorragias da cavidade oral, opacidade da córnea e linfonodomegalia. Os achados histopatológicos significativos incluíam vasculite necrosante generalizada, meningoencefalite não supurativa, nefrite intersticial linfocítica, hepatite linfocítica e trombose. A PCR, realizada a partir de DNA extraído do rim e do linfonodo mesentérico de um dos animais, amplificou um produto com 423 pares de base do gene da proteína do tegumento do herpesvírus ovino 2 (OVH-2). O sequenciamento direto dos produtos da PCR e a análise pelo Blast demonstraram que o produto amplificado apresentava 98-100% de identidade com sequências do OVH-2 depositadas no GenBank. As análises filogenéticas, baseadas nas sequências deduzidas de aminoácidos demonstraram que a cepa de OVH-2 circulando em ruminantes nos estados de Rio Grande do Norte e Minas Gerais são semelhantes àquelas identificadas em outras regiões geográficas. Esses achados confirmam a participação ativa de OVH-2 nas manifestações clássicas de febre catarral maligna em ovinos.